Books and Documents

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II

BRIGADIER GENERAL FRED WHARTON RANKIN

ACTIVITIES OF SURGICAL CONSULTANTS

Volume I

Contents

FOREWORD
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Part I

SURGICAL CONSULTANTS IN THE ZONE OF INTERIOR

    Surgical Consultants in the Office of the Surgeon General

Chapter

I General Surgery (B. Noland Carter, M.D.)
    Functions
    Personnel
    Equipment and Supplies
    Public Relations and Liaison
    Review of Manuscripts and Literature
    Education and Training
    Consultation
    Summary

II Orthopedic Surgery (Leonard T. Peterson, M.D.)
    Assignment and Organization
    Functions and Duties
    Amputations
    Liaison and Cooperative Activities
    Observations on Care of Orthopedic Injuries
    Summary and Recommendations

III Chemical Warfare (George R. Greenwood, M.D.)
    Chemical Warfare Branch, Office of the Surgeon General
    Equipment for Protection Against Gas Warfare
    Protection of Personnel Against Gas
    Detection of Contaminated Food and Water
    Training Literature and Films
    Professional Policies in World War II
    Classification of Chemical Agents
    Chemical Burns
    Screening Smokes

IV Ophthalmology (M. Elliott Randolph, M.D.)
    Ophthalmology Branch
    Care of the Blind
    Other Consultant Activities
    The Second Tour
    Recommendations

V Otolaryngology (Leslie E. Morrissett, M.D.)
    Establishment of Otolaryngology Branch
    Clinical Policies
    Routine Administrative Procedures
    Other Duties
    Aural-Rehabilitation Program for the Deafened and Hard of Hearing
    Recommendations

VI The Blood Program (Brig. Gen. Douglas B. Kendrick, Jr., USA)
    Blood and Blood Substitutes at the Beginning of World War II
    Beginnings of the Blood and Blood Substitutes Program
    Immediate Problems in 1940
    Plasma Program
    Serum Program
    Human Serum Albumin Program
    Whole Blood Program
    Evolution of the Oversea Blood Program
    Oversea Transfusion Services
    Provision of Blood From Zone of Interior to Pacific Areas
    Planning for the Invasion of Japan

    Surgical Consultants in the Service Commands

VII First Service Command (Condict W. Cutler, Jr., M.D.)
    Medical Installations and Facilities
    Early Clinical Problems
    Development of the General Hospital
    Debarkation Activities
    Surgery in the Prison Camps
    Progress of Surgical Care
    Convalescent Program
    Medical Education Program
    Conclusions

VIII Second Service Command (Robert H. Kennedy, M.D.)
    Experience and Orientation
    Administrative Duties
    Administrative Factors in Providing Patient Care
    Professional Activities
    Conferences
    Surgery in General Hospitals
    Surgery in Other Hospitals
    Streptomycin
    Summary

IX Third Service Command (Walter D. Wise, M.D.)
    Assignment, Orientation, and Early Activities of Surgical Consultant
    Observations Concerning Hospitals
    Summary of Activities
    Comment

 X Fourth Service Command (Mather Cleveland, M.D., and James J. Callahan, M.D.)
        Section I. September 1943 to April 1944
    Hospitals
    Professional Problems and Activities of the Consultant
    Section II. 1944 and 1945
    General Duties of the Consultant
    Program of Specific Duties, 1944
    The Orthopedic Service and Some Aspects of Therapy

XI Fifth Service Command (Claude S. Beck, M.D.)
    Adjustment to the Army and Indoctrination
    The Consultant System
    Duties and Responsibilities of the Surgical Consultant
    Early Problems--The Training Camps
    The Airbase Hospitals
    The General Hospitals
    General Impression

XII Seventh Service Command (Grover C. Penberthy, M.D.)
    Scope of Activities of the Surgical Consultant
    Professional Services
    Surgical Problems of Interest
    Comment

XIII Eighth Service Command (Bradley L. Coley, M.D., Henry G. Hollenberg, M.D., and Thomas L. Waring, M.D.)
        Section 1. The First Consultant, 1942-44
    Problems During the Training Period, 1942-43
    Special Problems
    Medical Education
        Section II. The Second Consultant, 1945
    The Consultant System
    General Considerations
    Professional Matters
    The Future of the Consultant System
        Section III. The Orthopedic Consultant
    Duties and Functions
    Problems With Physically Unqualified Inductees
    Special Orthopedic Problems
    Special Centers and Rehabilitation
    Medical Education
    Comment

XIV Ninth Service Command (John J. Loutzenheiser, M.D.)
    Assignment and Orientation of Orthopedic Consultant
    Area and Medical Treatment Facilities
    Orthopedists in the Command
    Relationship of Consultant With Hospital Commanders
    Early Innovations and Improvements
    Special Centers
    Orthopedics in General and Station Hospitals
    Comment
    Summary

Part II

SURGICAL CONSULTANTS TO FIELD ARMIES IN THEATERS OF OPERATIONS

XV Third U.S. Army (Charles B. Odom, M.D.)
        Section I. Administrative Considerations
    The Consultant System
    Planning in the United Kingdom Base
    Evaluation and Assignment of Personnel
    Medical Units
    Supplies and Equipment
    Professional Meetings
    Records
    Prisoners of War
        Section II. Clinical Considerations
    Dissemination of Clinical Policies
    General Considerations of Forward Surgery
    Shock and Resuscitation
    Administration of Morphine
    Antimicrobial Therapy
    Wound Management
    Regional Injuries
    Amputations
    Anaerobic Infections
    Cold Injury
    Evaluation of Surgical Care
    Conclusions

XVI Fifth U.S. Army (Howard E. Snyder, M.D.)
        Section I. Administrative and Related Considerations
    Appointment of the Surgical Consultant
    Tactical Considerations
    Functions of an Army Consultant
    Evaluation and Assignment of Personnel
    Educational Activities
    Meetings and Conferences
    Visitors to the Army Area
    Evaluation of Surgery
    Evacuation
    Medical Installations in the Army Area
    Liaison With Medical Units of Other Allied Armies
    Equipment
    Reassignment of Medical Units for Operation ANVIL
    Records, Special Reports, and Publications
    Statistics
    Visits to Army Medical Installations

        Section II. Clinical Considerations
    Evolution of Clinical Policies
    Shock and Hemorrhage
    Development of the Blood Program
    Blood Replacement Therapy
    Chemotherapy and Antibiotic Therapy
    Special Types of Wounds and Injuries
    Regional Injuries
    Complications

        Section III. The German Medical Service in Italy
    General Considerations
    Echelons of Medical Care
    Consultant System
    Inspections of German Hospitals
    General Clinical Considerations
    Regional Injuries

XVII Sixth U.S. Army (Frank Glenn, M.D.)
    Duties and Functions of the Surgical Consultant
    Triage, Treatment, and Evacuation
    Philippine Islands Campaigns
    Supportive Therapy
    Surgery of Regional Wounds and Injuries
    Tropical Jungle Foot
    Gas Gangrene
    Tetanus
    Special Considerations

XVIII Seventh U.S. Army (Frank B. Berry, M.D.)
    The Landings in Southern France
    Preliminary Medical Planning
    Medical Aspects of the Invasion
    Critique of the Medical Aspects of the Landings
    The Blood Program
    Supply and Transportation
    The Optical Program
    Education and Training
    Medical Units
    Statistical Data
    Clinical Policies    
    Regional Injuries
    Anaerobic Infections
    Burns

XIX Eighth U.S. Army (Frank J. McGowan, M.D.)
    Surgical Manpower
    Effects of Terrain, Climate, and Local Conditions
    Evacuation of Casualties
    Surgical Supplies and Whole Blood
    Portable Surgical Hospitals
    Surgical Teams
    Medical Support in Amphibious Warfare
    Treatment of Particular Types of Wounds
    Recommendations

APPENDIXES

    A Civilian Consultants in Surgery to The Surgeon General
    B Circular Letter No. 2, Office of the Surgeon, Seventh U.S. Army, 18 July 1944

Illustrations

Number

    1 The position of Surgical Consultants Division in the organization of the Office of the Surgeon General
    2 Lt. Col. B. Noland Carter, MC, Assistant Chief, Surgical Consultants Division, Office of the Surgeon General
    3 Service Command surgical consultants at their meeting with Brig. Gen. Fred W. Rankin and his staff, 10-11 October 1944, in the Surgeon General's office,
1818 H Street, NW., Washington, D.C
    4 Col. Leonard T. Peterson, Chief, Orthopedic Branch, Surgical Division, Professional Service, Office of the Surgeon General, and consultant in orthopedic
surgery to The Surgeon General
    5 Amputation of upper extremity
    6 Army Prosthetics Research Laboratory
    7 Cineplasty surgery and prostheses, Sauerbruch type
    8 Suction-socket artificial limb with two-way valve (J. A. Hanger) developed from German prototypes
    9 Army Medical Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, Md
    10 Maj. George R. Greenwood, MC, Chief, Chemical Warfare Branch, Surgical Consultants Division, Professional Service, Office of the Surgeon General, and consultant to The Surgeon General
    11 Gas casualty set, M-2
    12 Demonstration of use of oxygen therapy outfit, 20 dual outlet, with hose line assembly, at South Post, Fort Myer, Va., October 1944
    13 Fitting gas mask inserts (optical lenses) in the field, 69th General Hospital, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, 1945
    14 M-4 water-testing kit--post-World War II Chemical Corps modification of the World War II water-testing kit
    15 Food testing and screening kit, a post-World War II Chemical Corps modification of the World War II Medical Department kit
    16 Complete first aid gas casualty kit, Medical Department item No. 9776400
    17 Maj. M. Elliott Randolph, MC, Chief, Ophthalmology Branch, Surgical Consultants Division, Professional Service, Office of the Surgeon General
    18 Final social rehabilitation of the blind at Old Farms Convalescent Hospital, Avon, Pa
    18. Final social rehabilitation of the blind at Old Farms Convalescent Hospital, Avon Pa. cont.
    19 Maj. Leslie E. Morrissett, MC, Chief, Otolaryngology Branch, Office of the Surgeon General
    20 Aural rehabilitation at Borden General Hospital, Chickasha, Okla
    21 Aural rehabilitation at Deshomi General Hospital, Butler, Pa
    22 Prescription and fitting of hearing aids
    23 Col. Douglas B. Kendrick, MC, Chief, Division of Surgical Physiology, Army Medical School, Walter Reed General Hospital
    24 Preparation for plasma transfusion
    25 Serum albumin transfusion
    26 Processing of blood in European theater before airlift from Zone of Interior was instituted
    26 Processing of blood in European theater before airlift from Zone of Interior was instituted cont
    27 Blood, donated in Brooklyn 10 days previously, being stored in 48th Field Hospital, ETO
    28 Administration of blood in a forward area in France
    29 Recreational and exercising facilities for amputees
    30 Gymnastics in the reconditioning program at Thomas M. England General Hospital, Atlantic City, N.J
    31 Constructing and fitting artificial eyes at Halloran General Hospital, Staten Island, N.Y
    32 McGuire General Hospital, Richmond, Va
    33 Dr. Rudolph Matas, visiting Ashford General Hospital, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., in 1944, points out the "Matas Compressor" used to stimulate collateral circulation
    34 Sgt. Joco Montonio, medical illustrator at Ashford General Hospital, creating a bust of Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright that was later cast in bronze for permanent retention as one of the Nation's treasures
    35 Ashford General Hospital, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., formerly the Greenbrier Hotel
    36 Ashford General Hospital, being easily accessible from Washington, presented an opportunity to show Army dignitaries the superior services being rendered at Army general hospitals
    36 Ashford General Hospital,  being easily accessible from Washington, presented an opportunity to show Army dignitaries the superior services being rendered at Army General hospitals cont
    37 Result of self-mutilation of the hand
    38 Dr. Dallas B. Phemister of Chicago and Col. Bradley L. Coley making rounds at the station hospital, Enid Air Force Station, Okla
    39 Dr. Sumner L. Koch discusses a case of hand injury with medical officers at Camp Swift Station Hospital
    40 Patient in rehabilitation program at Baxter General Hospital, Spokane, Wash., proudly displays completed boat
    41 Northrup prostheses for the arm
    42 Lt. Gen. George S. Patton visits the 12th Evacuation Hospital to award decorations to the wounded
    43 Col. Charles B. Odom, MC, Consultant in Surgery to the Surgeon, Seventh U.S. Army, and, later, Consultant in Surgery to the Surgeon, Third U.S. Army
    44 Evacuation by light tank for speed, protection, and negotiating muddy terrain.
    45 Intratracheal anesthesia in a field hospital platoon, with simultaneous administration of whole blood
    46 Team of mobile X-ray unit operating in an evacuation hospital in France
    47 Initial stage of the establishment of a field hospital platoon
    48 An auxiliary surgical team operating with a field hospital platoon
    49 Two members of the 101st Airborne Division drag badly needed medical supplies which were airdropped to the besieged at Bastogne, Belgium
    50 Nazi hospital unit surrenders in Germany
    51 Preparation of a mangled arm prior to amputation in a field hospital
    52 Medical troops of the 4th Division bring up equipment, using an assault boat as a sled over wet snow
    53 A holding unit in the chain of air evacuation
    54 Maj. Howard E. Snyder, MC, Consultant in Surgery to the Surgeon, Fifth U.S. Army
    55 Col. Richard T. Arnest, MC, Surgeon, II Corps, and Lt. Col. William H.Amspacher, MC, Duputy Surgeon, II Corps
    56 Operating room, 77th Evacuation Hospital, North Africa
    57 Lt. Gen. Lucian K. Truscott, Jr., Commanding General, Fifth U.S. Army, congratulating Lt. Col. Howard E. Snyder, MC, Consultant in Surgery, Fifth U.S. Army, after awarding him the Legion of Merit for exceptionally meritorious service in the performance of his duties
    58 Evacuation of wounded from Sicily
    59 Campaigns in Italy, 9 September 1943-8 May 1945
    60 Evacuation hospital in Italy during the wet season in the fall of 1944
    61 Evacuation of wounded by aidmen of 10th Mountain Division during Monte Belvedere offensive
    62 Tents of 56th Evacuation hospital being dug in on Anzio beachhead, April 1944
    63 Col. Edward D. Churchill, MC, Consultant in Surgery, NATOUSA; Col. Frank B. Berry, MC, Consultant in Surgery, Seventh U.S. Army; Col. James H. Forsee, MC, Commanding Officer, 2d Auxiliary Surgical Group; Lt. Col. Howard E. Snyder, MC, Consultant in Surgery, Fifth U.S. Army
    64 Nurses digging foxholes and loading sandbags around their tent, Anzio beachhead
    65 Brig. Gen. Joseph I. Martin, Surgeon, Fifth U.S. Army, addressing rehabilitation conference at Castel Fiorentino, Italy, 1945
    66 The 48th Surgical Hospital, North Africa
    67 Air evacuation by converted C-47 transport plane, MTOUSA
    68 Evacuation by L-5 plane from Firenzuola to Florence
    69 Collecting Station, 10th Mountain Division, Gothic Line
    70 Field hospital, North Africa
    71 Postoperative ward in 1st Platoon, 33d Field Hospital, Italy
    72 Lt. Gen. Mark W. Clark, Commanding General, Fifth U.S. Army, visiting 38th Evacuation Hospital near Leghorn, August 1944
    73 Medical installations in Italy, visited by Maj. Howard E. Snyder, MC, during March 1944
    74 Hospitals near Anzio, Italy, visited by Major Snyder during March 1944
    75 Medical installations in Italy, visited by Colonel Snyder during December 1944
    76 German prisoners of war in Po Valley, May 1945
    77 Care of enemy wounded
    78 Captured German hospital and equipment
    79 Feldlazarett, German counterpart of U.S. evacuation hospital
    80 Lt. Col. Frank Glenn, MC, Consultant in Surgery, Sixth U.S. Army
    81 The 58th Evacuation Hospital at Tacloban, Leyte, 25 October 1944
    82 Evacuation on Luzon was difficult after the Japanese retreated high into mountainous areas
    82 Evacuation on Luzon was difficult after the Japanese retreated high into mountainous areas cont
    83 Administration of plasma at an aid station, Leyte Island, Philippine Islands
    84 Litter evacuation through rain-swollen streams on Leyte
    85 Tent housing operating facilities of a portable surgical hospital, Consuegra, Leyte Island
    86 Air evacuation on Luzon Island, Philippine Islands
    87 Patient, a Chinese, had been wounded in the hand by shell fragments and had active signs of tetanus upon admission to San Lazaro Hospital
    88 Landings of the 3d, 36th, and 45th Infantry Divisions, Seventh U.S. Army, and their maneuvers from beaches to Blue Line, 15 August 1944
    89 Operations in southern France, 15-28 August 1944
    90 Views of naval aid station on Red Beach, just east of the town of Cavalaire-sur-Mer, France, in 3d Infantry Division Zone, shortly after landings on D-day, 15 August 1944
    91 Col. Frank B. Berry, MC, Consultant in Surgery, Office of the Surgeon, Seventh U.S. Army
    92 Evacuation of wounded from beach to landing craft for transfer to hospital ships on D-day, 15 August 1944
    93 The 27th Evacuation Hospital fully setup in France
    94 Preparations for administration of blood to wounded soldier in evacuation hospital near Dijon, France, September 1944
    95 The 2,000-bed 36th General Hospital at Dijon, France, one of CONAD general hospitals in close support of the Seventh U.S. Army during the winter, 1944-45
    96 Col. Frank J. McGowan, MC, Consultant in Surgery, Eighth U.S. Army
    97 The 30th Evacuation Hospital at Parang, Mindanao, Philippine Islands
    97 The 30th Evacuation Hospital at Parang, Mindanao, Philippine Islands cont
    98 Maj. Margaret D. Craighill, MC, adviser to The Surgeon General on women's health and welfare, arrives at Parang, Mindanao, with Col. George W. Rice, MC, Surgeon, Eighth U.S. Army, to investigate the use of female Army personnel in the X Corps
    99 On the morning of Task Force V-5's landing on Green Beach, Parang, Mindanao, Colonel McGowan confers with Col. C. M. Downs, MC, Surgeon, X Corps
    100 Evacuation by C-47 aircraft from Malabang airstrip, Mindanao
    100 Evacuation by C-47 aircraft from Malabang airstrip, Mindanao cont
    101 Administration of plasma to patient during litter carry, Mindanao
    102 Operating scene, 23d Portable Surgical Hospital
    103 Casualties debark from an LST hospital ship, Corregidor Island, March 1945
    104 The 99th Evacuation Hospital, combat loaded on top deck of LST at Morotai before the V-5 operations in the southern Philippines campaign

Tables

    1 General hospitals designated as specialized centers, December 1943 and August 1944
    2 Authorized patient capacity for surgical specialties, 1944 and 1945
    3 Admissions for and deaths due to wounds among casualties hospitalized in Third U.S. Army hospitals, by wound classification, 1944-45
    4 Analysis of 48,354 U.S. battle casualties treated in Third U.S. Army installations, 1944-45
    5 Operations performed in hospitals on Anzio beachhead during the final phase, 12-16 May 1944
    6 Presentations at Fifth U.S. Army Medical Conferences
    6 Presentations at Fifth U.S. Army Medical Conferences cont
    7 Periodic analyses of post mortem studies in Fifth U.S. Army hospitals, 1944-45
    8 Percentage distribution of wounds and deaths according to anatomic location of injury in 71,000 casualties admitted to Fifth U.S. Army hospitals, 1943-45
    9 Percentage distribution of wounding agents, and deaths therefrom, in 71,000 casualties admitted to Fifth U.S. Army hospitals, 1943-45
    10 Comparative frequency of wounds according to anatomic location of injury in 22,246 casualties admitted to Fifth U.S. Army hospitals, 1944-45
    11 Comparative case fatality rates according to anatomic location of injury in 22,246 casualties admitted to Fifth U.S. Army hospitals, 1944-45
    12 Distribution of 1,450 deaths from battle-incurred wounds in Fifth U.S. Army hospitals, 1944-45, by location and type of wound
    13 Percentage distribution of principal causes of death in 1,450 battle casualties admitted to Fifth U.S. Army hospitals, 1944-45
    14 Recorded receipts and distribution of blood and plasma in Seventh U.S. Army hospitals, 1944-45
    15 Summary of casualties, by body area, treated in field hospitals in Seventh U.S. Army, 1944-45
    16 Summary of casualties, by body area, treated by teams of 1st and 2d Auxiliary Surgical Groups in Seventh U.S. Army hospitals, 1944-45
    17 Monthly distribution of hospital and clearing station admissions and deaths, Seventh U.S. Army, 1944-45
    18 Distribution by type of hospital and body area of 55,085 battle-incurred wounds in Seventh U.S. Army hospitals
    19 Case fatality rates according to type of hospital and body area in 55,085 combat-incurred wounds in Seventh U.S. Army hospitals
    20 Distribution, according to type of hospital and body area, of 1,360 deaths in 55,085 combat-incurred wounds in Seventh U.S. Army hospitals
    21 Distribution, by body area, of 48,299 wounds in Seventh U.S. Army casualties, according to division reports
    22 Percentage distributions of body area and of wounded- or injured-in-action cases, by anatomic location, U.S. Army, in the Civil War and World Wars I and II
    23 Hospital and clearing station admissions and dispositions, Seventh U.S. Army,1944-45
    24 Returns to duty from clearing stations and hospitals, Seventh U.S. Army, 1944-45
    25 Returns to duty from 400- and 750-bed evacuation hospitals in Seventh U.S. Army for a selected 3-month period
    26 Distribution of anesthesia by type, and by type of hospital, Seventh U.S. Army, 1944-45
    27 Management and results in 717 penetrating wounds of the head in eight Seventh U.S. Army evacuation hospitals for a selected 5-month period
    28 Results in 616 surgically managed wounds of the head in relation to dural penetration in eight Seventh U.S. Army evacuation hospitals for a selected 5-month period
    29 Essential data in 182 spinal cord injuries in eight Seventh U.S. Army evacuation hospitals for a selected 5-month period
    30 Essential data in 1,086 injuries to major arteries, Seventh U.S. Army, 1944-45
    31 Anatomic location and origin of casualties in 1,211 amputations in Seventh U.S. Army hospitals

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, UNITED STATES ARMY

SURGERY IN WORLD WAR II

ACTIVITIES OF SURGICAL CONSULTANTS

Volume I

Prepared and published under the direction of Lieutenant General LEONARD D. HEATON
The Surgeon General, United States Army

Editor in Chief
Colonel JOHN BOYD COATES, Jr., MC

Editor for Activities of Surgical Consultants
B. NOLAND CARTER, M.D.

Associate Editor
ELIZABETH M. MCFETRIDGE, M.A.

OFFICE OF THE SURGEON GENERAL
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WASHINGTON, D.C., 1962

SURGERY IN WORLD WAR II

Advisory Editorial Board

MICHAEL E. DEBAKEY, M.D., Chairman
FRANK B. BERRY, M.D.
BRIAN BLADES, M.D.
J. BARRETT BROWN, M.D.
STERLING BUNNELL, M.D. (dec.)
NORTON CANFIELD, M.D.
B. NOLAND CARTER, M.D.
EDWARD D. CHURCHILL, M.D.
MATHER CLEVELAND, M.D.
DANIEL C. ELKIN, M.D. (dec.)
JOHN B. FLICK, M.D.
FRANK GLENN, M.D.
M. ELLIOTT RANDOLPH, M.D.
ISIDOR S. RAVDIN, M.D.
JOSEPH R. SHAEFFER, M.D.
ALFRED R. SHANDS, Jr., M.D.
HOWARD E. SNYDER, M.D.
R. GLEN SPURLING, M.D.
BARNES WOODHALL, M.D.
ROBERT M. ZOLLINGER, M.D.
Brigadier General DOUGLAS B. KENDRICK, Jr., (ex officio)
Colonel JOHN BOYD COATES, Jr., MC (ex officio)
Colonel JAMES E. GRAHAM, MC (ex officio)

The Historical Unit, United States Army Medical Service

Colonel JOHN BOYD COATES, Jr., MC, Director
Colonel REX P. CLAYTON, MSC, Executive Officer
Colonel R. L. PARKER, MSC, Special Assistant to Director
Lieutenant Colonel R. J. BERNUCCI, MC, Special Assistant to Director
Major WARREN W. DABOLL, MSC, Special Assistant to Director
Lieutenant Colonel MATTHEW GINALICK, MSC, Chief, Special Projects Branch
CHARLES M. WILTSE, Ph. D., Litt. D., Chief, Historians Branch
ERNEST ELLIOTT, Jr., Chief, Editorial Branch
Lieutenant Colonel LEONARD L. COLLIER, MSC, Chief, Information Activities Branch
Major ALBERT C. RIGGs, Jr., Chief, General Reference and Research Branch
HAZEL G. HINE, Chief, Administrative Branch

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-60004

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, UNITED STATES ARMY

    The volumes comprising the official history of the Medical Department of the U.S. Army in World War II are prepared by The Historical Unit, U.S. Army Medical Service, and published under the direction of The Surgeon General, U.S. Army. These volumes are divided into two series: (1) The administrative or operational series; and (2) the professional, or clinical and technical, series. This is one. of the volumes published in the latter series.

VOLUMES PUBLISHED

ADMINISTRATIVE SERIES

Hospitalization and Evacuation, Zone of Interior

CLINICAL SERIES

Internal Medicine in World War II:
    Vol. 1. Activities of Medical Consultants

Preventive Medicine in World War II:
    Vol. II. Environmental Hygiene
    Vol. III. Personal Health Measures and Immunization
    Vol. IV. Communicable Diseases Transmitted Chiefly Through Respiratory and Alimentary Tracts
    Vol. V. Communicable Diseases Transmitted Through Contact or By Unknown Means

Surgery in World War II:
    General Surgery, vol. II
    Hand Surgery
    Neurosurgery, vol. 1
    Neurosurgery, vol. II
    Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology
    Orthopedic Surgery in the European Theater of Operations
    Orthopedic Surgery in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations
    The Physiologic Effects of Wounds
    Vascular Surgery

Miscellaneous:
    Cold Injury, Ground Type
    Dental Service in World War II
    Veterinary Service in World War II
    Wound Ballistics